Volume 17, Issue 1 (Spring 2025)
3 2025, 17(1): 30-42 |
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farhangi M. A review of the pathological effects and mortality rates fish species exposed to copper toxicity by toxicity tests. 3 2025; 17 (1) :30-42
URL: http://jmb.ahvaz.iau.ir/article-1-1041-en.html
URL: http://jmb.ahvaz.iau.ir/article-1-1041-en.html
Abstract: (374 Views)
Cu is an essential micronutrient which is found in either water environment or fish diet. In addition, copper sulfate is an effective algaecide for algal control in fish pond. Therefore, toxicity test seems to be necessary to predict the safe concentrations of chemicals in the environment. The experiments were conducted to compare pathology and mortality rate of fishes (Cyprinus carpio,Rutilus caspicus, Onchorhynchus mykiss) exposed to copper toxicity by toxicity tests. The total experiments were done by Water Static Method during 96 hours (4 days). Sulphate Copper salt was used as source of Cu ion. In total experiments, threr was a group of fish as control (without Cu).The samples were derived from the kidney, liver, and gill of the fish for histopathological evaluation.
Various experiments revealed, the mortality rates of fish species exposed to copper toxicity are diffrent based on the species, type of test (acute, chronic), duration of exposure, and type of toxicant. Rainbow trout are the most sensitive and common carp are the least sensitive to copper toxicity.In different experiments, histopathological findings showed that major lesions were hemorrhage, hyperemia, hyperplasia and epithelial cells necrosis, degenerated, expansion of Bowman's capsule and hepatocytes necrosis. It has been determined in all the studies, the pathological symptoms in the sampled tissues will increase with the increase in the concentration and exposure time to copper sulfate. Generally, the results have shown that the presence of toxic metals in water will cause behavioral and textural manifestations. By using toxicity tests, it is possible to determine the exact lethal dose of each species, to improve farm management and ecological studies.
Various experiments revealed, the mortality rates of fish species exposed to copper toxicity are diffrent based on the species, type of test (acute, chronic), duration of exposure, and type of toxicant. Rainbow trout are the most sensitive and common carp are the least sensitive to copper toxicity.In different experiments, histopathological findings showed that major lesions were hemorrhage, hyperemia, hyperplasia and epithelial cells necrosis, degenerated, expansion of Bowman's capsule and hepatocytes necrosis. It has been determined in all the studies, the pathological symptoms in the sampled tissues will increase with the increase in the concentration and exposure time to copper sulfate. Generally, the results have shown that the presence of toxic metals in water will cause behavioral and textural manifestations. By using toxicity tests, it is possible to determine the exact lethal dose of each species, to improve farm management and ecological studies.
Type of Study: case report |
Subject:
General
Received: 2025/02/4 | Accepted: 2025/04/21 | Published: 2025/04/27
Received: 2025/02/4 | Accepted: 2025/04/21 | Published: 2025/04/27
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