fa ارزیابی شاخص‌های طبقه‌بندی وضعیت اکولوژیک با استفاده از شاخص‌های ماکروبنتیک در خلیج گرگان شیلات Fisheries پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">پژوهش</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">حاضر</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">به‌منظور</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شناسایی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">وضعیت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">اکولوژیکی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">خلیج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">گرگان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">همچنین</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> تأکید بر </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">میزان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">توافق</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بین</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نتایج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">مختلف</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">کف زیان، معرفی شاخص مناسب</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بهره</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">برداری</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نتایج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">پایه</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">حاصله</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">برنامه</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">مدیریت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">زیست‌محیطی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">منطقه</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> برای نخستین بار </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">انجام</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شد. </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بر این مبنا، 22 </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ایستگاه</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> در </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">خلیج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">گرگان</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> در نظر گرفته شد و </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">طی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">چهارفصل (در طول یک سال؛ 1392)،</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> نمونه&shy;برداری از ماکروبنتوزها انجام شد. درمجموع تعداد 14 گونه مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت و سپس </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">استفاده</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">زیستی</span> <span dir="LTR">BENTIX</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">،</span> <span dir="LTR">BO2A</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">،</span> <span dir="LTR">AMBI</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span dir="LTR">M-AMBI</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> وضعیت آن‌ها موردبررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصله </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ترتیب از قرار</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> 2/2</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">،</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> 4/0</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">،</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> 2/3 </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> 65/0 با </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">دامنه</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">تغییرات </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">(5/3-0/2)</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">،</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">(071/0-009/0)</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">،</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> (5/3-1/2) </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> (93/0-5/0) </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">محاسبه</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">گردید</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">. </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">کلیه</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">وضعیت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">اکولوژیک</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بخش</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شرقی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نسبت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بخش</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">غربی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بدتر</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نشان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">دادند</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">. </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">وجود</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ارتباط</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">مثبت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">متوسط</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بین</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">برخی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص‌های</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">موردنظر</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بیانگر</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">این است</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص</span> <span dir="LTR">M-</span><span dir="LTR">AMBI</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شانون</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span dir="LTR">BENTIX</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">همچنین</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص</span> <span dir="LTR">BENTIX</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">با</span> <span dir="LTR">BO2A</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">روند</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">مشابهی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ارزیابی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">کیفیت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ایستگاه</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">خلیج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">گرگان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نشان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">می</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">دهند</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">. </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">درمجموع</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> 32 </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">درصد</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ایستگاه‌ها</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ازلحاظ</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نتایج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">دارای</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">توافق</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نسبی در خصوص رتبه وضعیت اکولوژیک</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> 68 </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">درصد</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">باقیمانده</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">دارای</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">عدم</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">توافق</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">می</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">باشند</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">. </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بااین‌حال،</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">مطالعه</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص </span><span dir="LTR">AMBI</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span dir="LTR">M-</span><span dir="LTR">AMBI</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">قضاوت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بهتر</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">واقعی</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">تری</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">وضعیت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">اکولوژیک</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">خلیج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نشان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">می</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">دهند</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">منطبق</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">توزیع</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">آلاینده&shy;ها</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">به‌عنوان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">یکی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">استرس</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">محیطی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">منطقه</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">می</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">باشد</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">. </span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">طرفی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">چون</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص</span> <span dir="LTR">M-</span><span dir="LTR">AMBI</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">به‌صورت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">چند</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">متغیره</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نتایج</span> <span dir="LTR">AMBI</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">،</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">تنوع</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">غنای</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">زیستی</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">استفاده</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">می</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">کند</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">مهم</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">تر</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">آن،</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">محاسبه</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بیشترین</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">مقدار</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شانون</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">به‌عنوان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">مقدار</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاهد</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">یا</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">رفرنس</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">استفاده</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"> می&shy;شود</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">،</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">بنابراین</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نتایج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">شاخص</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">می</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">تواند</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">قضاوت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">قوی&shy;تری</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">وضعیت</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">اکولوژیک</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">خلیج</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">نشان</span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;">دهد</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">.</span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"></span> The present study was conducted for the first time to investigate and identify the ecological quality status (EcoQ) of Gorgan Bay and also to emphasize the degree of agreement between the results of different benthic macrofauna indices, introduction of appropriate index and utilization of basic results in environmental management programs in the region. To do, 22 sites were selected and macrobenthic fauna sampling was conducted seasonally in during 2013. Totally, 14 species were identified and their biotic indices of BENTIX, BO2A, AMBI and M-AMBI were obtained 2.2 (2-3.5), 0.4 (0.009-0.071), 3.2 (2.1-3.5), and 0.65 (0.5-0.93), respectively. All the indices indicated a worse EcoQ in eastern part than western part of the bay. A positive and moderate relationship between M-AMBI with Shannon diversity index and BENTIX, as well as between BENTTIX with BO2A exhibited a similar trend in quality assessment of the stations. A partial agreement in EcoQ scores was obtained in 32% of the stations while a disagreement was shown in the remaining stations (68%). However, AMBI and M-AMBI revealed a better and more realistic judgment on EcoQ of the bay which was consistent with the distribution of pollution as an environmental stressor. On the other, since M-AMBI uses the results of AMBI, diversity and richness indices as multimetrics, and more importantly is acquired by the most value of Shannon diversity index as a reference, hence the results of M-AMBI had a stronger judgment on EcoQ of the Gorgan bay. M-AMBI, AMBI, BENTIX,BO2A, خلیج گرگان. M-AMBI, AMBI, BENTIX ,BO2A, Gorgan Bay. 31 44 http://jmb.ahvaz.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-645-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Zafarani قاسم قربان زاده زعفرانی 10031947532846005829 10031947532846005829 Yes گروه تنوع زیستی و ایمنی زیستی، پژوهشکده محیط‌زیست و توسعه پایدار- سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست، تهران، ایران. Ali Machinchian Moradi علی ماشینچیان مرادی 10031947532846005830 10031947532846005830 No Department of Marine Science, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran. گروه علوم دریایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. Kazem Darvish Bastami کاظم درویش بسطامی 10031947532846005831 10031947532846005831 No Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran, Iran. موسسه ملی اقیانوس‌شناسی و علوم جوی، تهران، ایران. MohammadReza Fatemi محمدرضا فاطمی 10031947532846005832 10031947532846005832 No Department of Marine Science, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran. گروه علوم دریایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.