fa بررسی تأثیر مصرف عصاره‌ی قارچ صدفی (Pleurotus ostreatas) بر تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیک کبد و آبشش ماهی تیلاپیا‌ی نیل (Oreochromis niloticus) در مواجهه با نیترات نقره شیلات Fisheries پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آلاینده‌ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بدنه‌های</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باعث</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پاسخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استرس</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آبزیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بخصوص</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ماهی‌ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می‌شود</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نهایتاً</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر وضعیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فیزیولوژیک</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ماهیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اثرگذار</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باعث</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کاهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایمنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آن‌ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می‌شود،</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ازاین‌رو</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">محرک‌های</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایمنی نظیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پربیوتیک</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بسیار</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ضروری</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به نظر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می‌رسد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> هدف این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف پربیوتیک قارچ صدفی (</span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">Pleurotus ostreatus</span></span></em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) بر شاخص‌های بافت‌شناسی ماهی تیلاپیا (</span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">Oreochromis</span></span></em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"> <em>niloticus</em></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مواجهه شده با نیترات نقره بود.</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> این تحقیق در پاییز 1397 در سالن آبزی‌پروری شهید ناصر فضلی برآبادی دانشکده شیلات دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان انجام شد.</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به همین منظور تعداد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">120</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بچه ماهی تیلاپیا</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(محدوده وزنی حدود 20 گرم)</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مدت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">42</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روز در 4 تیمار:</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تیمار (1) شاهد، فاقد پربیوتیک قارچ صدفی، تیمار (2) غذای حاوی 05/0</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد، تیمار (3) غذای حاوی 1/0 درصد و تیمار (4) غذای حاوی 2/0 درصد پربیوتیک قارچ صدفی تقسیم شدند. سپس به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هرکدام</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گروه‌ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">غلظت </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">ppm</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">5/0 نیترات نقره به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مدت 16 روز</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اضافه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در پایان دوره ماهیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توسط</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">محلول بیهوش&shy;کننده</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میخک (220</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میلی‌گرم</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">لیتر) بیهوش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بافت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کبد و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آب‌شش آن‌ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مطالعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بافت‌شناسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جدا</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گردید.</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتایج</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نشان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">داد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تیمارهایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در معرض نیترات نقره بودند عارضه‌های</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بافتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شامل</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> هایپرپلازی پایه‌ای، هایپرپلازی رأسی</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نفوذ گلبول‌های خونی</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کوتاه شدن تیغه ثانویه</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برآمدگی اپی&shy;تلیوم</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تورم سلول سنگفرشی</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اتصال تیغه ثانویه در بافت آب‌شش و عارضه‌های بافتی شامل آتروفی، چربی نکروز، رقیق شدن، گرانول تیره، تورم، انسداد خونی، ریزش خون، رکود صفرا در بافت کبد </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">را نشان دادند و بیشترین</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تخریب</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">را داشتند.</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تیمارهای تحت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیترات نقره باعث</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیب‌های </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شدید</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بافت کبد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آب‌شش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می‌شود ولی</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ترکیبی نیترات نقره</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و پربیوتیک</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قارچ صدفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توانست اثرات</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تخریبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ناشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیترات</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نقره بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عارضه‌های بافتی را</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کاهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دهد. سطح 2/0 درصد پربیوتیک قارچ صدفی و 5/0 درصد نیترات نقره در جیره می‌تواند بهترین تأثیر را بر عارضه‌های بافت کبد و آب‌شش ماهی تیلاپیا داشته باشد.</span></span> <div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">The presence of contaminants in aquatic bodies causes stress responses in aquatic animals, especially fish, which ultimately affects the physiological condition of fish and reduces their immune function, so the use of immune stimulants such as prebiotics is essential.</span> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of <em>pleurotus ostreatus</em> on the histological characteristics of tilapia fish exposed to </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">AgNO₃.</span> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">This research was conducted in the fall of 1397 in the aquaculture hall of Shahid Nasser Fazli Bar Abadi, Faculty of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"> 120 fish were distributed for 42 days in 4 treatments (3 replicates) prebiotic. Then, 0.5 ppm of </span>AgNO₃ was exposed to each group for 16 days. <span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">At the end of the course, the fish were rapidly anesthetized by clove anesthetic solution (220 mg / l) and their liver tissue and gills were removed for histological studies. The results showed that the treatments that were exposed to </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">AgNO₃ included tissue complications including basal hyperplasia, head hyperplasia, infiltration of blood cells, and shortening of the secondary blade, epithelial bulge, squamous cell swelling, and secondary bladder connective tissue involvement in gill tissue. They showed necrosis of fat, thinning, dark granules, swelling, blood clots, bleeding, and biliary stagnation in the liver tissue, and complications in this treatment had the greatest destructive effect. </span>AgNO₃ treatments cause severe damage to liver tissue and gills, but the combined use of AgNO₃ and mushroom prebiotics has been able to reduce the destructive effects of AgNO₃ on tissue complications. 0.2 prebiotic levels of mushrooms and 0.5 AgNO₃ in the diet could have the best effect on the complications of liver tissue and Tilapia fish gills.<span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"></span></span></div> پربیوتیک, ماهی تیلاپیا, آسیب بافتی, نیترات نقره. Prebiotic, Tissue damage, Tilapia, AgNO3. 53 64 http://jmb.ahvaz.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-636-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Atefe Iri عاطفه ایری 10031947532846005734 10031947532846005734 No Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران Farahnaz Kakavand فرحناز کاکاوند 10031947532846005735 10031947532846005735 No Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران Maryam Rezaie shadegan مریم رضایی شادگان 10031947532846005736 10031947532846005736 No Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران Aliakbar Hedayati علی اکبر هدایتی 10031947532846005737 10031947532846005737 Yes Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران